Recent theorizing suggests that the 4Ns – that is, the belief that
eating meat is natural, normal, necessary, and nice – are
common rationalizations people use to defend their choice of eating
meat. However, such theorizing has yet to be subjected to empirical
testing. Six studies were conducted on the 4Ns. Studies 1a and 1b
demonstrated that the 4N classification captures the vast majority
(83%–91%) of justifications people naturally offer in defense of eating
meat. In Study …
